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Occitanie was created in 2015 from the previous regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées. The name refers to the larger cultural region of Occitania, to which most of the region belongs (with the exception of Northern Catalonia or Roussillon in the south).

The traditional symbol of the cultural region is the Occitan cross; its traditional flag places the symbol on a red field. In modern times a gold seven-pointed star, the emblem of the Félibrige, is often added in the top right corner to distinguish the flag from the otherwise identical flag of the region of Languedoc. The star's seven points officially represent the seven founders of the Félibrige movement, but are also said to represent the traditional provinces covered by Occitania (Auvergne, Dauphiné, Gascony, Guyenne, Languedoc, Limousin and Provence).

The new administrative region uses a red flag with its logo, which combines the Occitan cross with the red and yellow stripes of the Catalan flag. The regional council flies this flag alongside the traditional Occitan and Catalan flags.

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